System "SCANROC" is effective ventilated facade system for warming and facing of again erected and reconstructed buildings to 100 m on height. System "SCANROC" consists from small sizes front stones which become stronger on orthogonal system of fastening, consisting of Z-shaped and directing profiles. The stone is made from a granite crumb, the cement, painting additives and processed by water-repellent structure. Profiles are made from a steel galvanised in the hot way. In an interval between a wall and a front stone the thermal protection which keeps within on a Z-shaped profile settles down. In case of roughness of a wall. Application of consoles which allow to compensate differences to 60 mm is necessary. The design of a directing profile provides the air channel with thickness of 15 mm. Z-shaped profiles fasten to a wall on distance from each other 0,6 m as much as possible, but there are building situations (a building corner, window, a doorway) where this distance is corrected in the smaller party. Directing profiles fasten to Z-shaped profiles on distance from each other 0,3 m as much as possible, but there are building situations (window, a doorway) where this distance is corrected in the smaller party. Frequency of fastening of consoles - according to static calculation. Standard scale of stones "SCANROC": Additional scale of stones "SCANROC"    1. A full complex of laboratory and natural tests on thermal protection to indicators the wall protecting designs with system of warming SCANROC. Scientific research institute of Building Designs laboratory of thermophysics and energy-saving.
   2. The conclusion by results of definition of possibility of application of system "SCANROC" for building in seismodangerous zones.
   3. Reports of control tests for a break of front stone SCANROC - 525 N for 30 mm and 350 N for 25 mm. GNIIVViM at KNUBA test laboratory.
   4. Reports of control tests for frost resistance of front stone SCANROC - 150 cycles. GNIIVViM at KNUBA test laboratory.
   5. TU U B V 2.7-26.6 21505431-001 - 2004 on a stone concrete facade SCANROC. GNIIVViM at KNUBA.
   6. Materials for designing and arrangement of ventilated facade system "SCANROC" (include static calculations of system of fastening).
   7. SRIBM in common with Scandi Ltd. It is confirmed Gosstroy № 18 from 11.04.2001.
   8. Static calculation.

• According to researches of the Swedish scientists during the prewinter period of year under the influence of deposits and pressure of a wind in 1 м3 walls collects from 90 to 160 l of water!!!
• the Russian scientists have counted up, that in the course of ability to live of a family from 4 persons formation of a vaporous moisture in 7 times more admissible hygienic norm. The part is removed by a forced-air and exhaust ventilation, and the part under the influence of forces of heat exchange gets to a wall (so-called process of breath of a wall).
  – At 4 % of humidity of a wall it is necessary to spend only 50 % of its efficiency heat.
  – Incorrectly designed or executed warming leads to negative results.

Thanks to a principle of an aired wall till our time has lived such monument of architecture, as the Sofia cathedral. The set of houses in a historical part of Kiev is constructed by a principle of an aired wall. They are easy for learning on numerous ventilating windows on a facade.

• the Natural stream of air in the air channel provides ventilation which removes the slightest moisture from a heater and walls and by that keeps optimum temperature in a building under any weather conditions.
• Protects from any influences of an environment, creates the greatest possible protection of external walls and considerably prolongs building service life as a whole.
• Warming is taken out on outer sides of walls and by that keeps all useful area of premises, and relieves of negative influences of "cold bridges".
• Provides high and stable indicators of resistance to a heat transfer at use on any wall.

System "SCANROC" is the new and advanced technology developed by the Ukrainian technologists,on the basis of the Swedish system which has been developed under the order of the  government of Sweden in 60th years. Manufacture is carried out in Kiev at the joint Ukrainian-Swedish enterprise on the original automatic transfer line under the control of the personnel trained in Sweden.
System "SCANROC" is effectively ventilated facade system which consists of a front stone, profiles and fixing elements. In need of warming the heater from mineral cotton wool is applied. System installation is carried out by dry way. System "SCANROC" perfectly protects external walls from external influence of an environment (a rain, snow, a fog etc.). Walls are not sated with a natural moisture, and remain always dry. For walls which "are dressed" in system "SCANROC", the household moisture is not terrible. Appearing in the course of ability to live of the person, the household moisture is not late in walls, and under the influence of heat get in more water vapour permeability heater where it is besides removed by the active air channel. System "SCANROC" allows to exclude negative influence of "cold bridges", i.e. Parts of building designs which have direct contact to environment (interfloor overlappings, window crosspieces). At a heater of 100 mm system "SCANROC" reduces influence of street noise approximately by 25 %. System "SCANROC" design allows to keep an obverse part of a facade from influence natural shrinkage a building and the seismic processes usually destroying a facade. The system protects from any influences of an environment, creates the greatest possible protection of external walls and considerably prolongs building service life as a whole. Frost resistance of stones «SCANROC» more than 50 cycles. The basic component of a front stone «SCANROC» is the granite crumb. And at the expense of special additives the stone is protected on 100 % from penetration of a moisture and influence of ultra-violet beams. A scope of system from cottage to mno-goetazhnogo buildings, system application on buildings to 100 metres is certificated. Life cycle of the given system is calculated on 100 years of operation in the most rigid climatic conditions. Installation of system does not contain wet processes, therefore can all-the-year-round be carried out. Does not demand preassembly preparation of a wall: alignments; drying; clearings. System installation is simple, the minimum of qualification and preparation of workers demands. There is no necessity to use wood at installation, it is successfully carried out from cradles. The front stone "SCANROC" is easily cut by "Bulgarian" that allows to adjust it till the necessary size during installation (window, doorways, etc.). Angular front stones of different kinds are made for convenience of installation and the sizes. It is not required settle out tenants at building reconstruction. On a facade of a building the expert can replace the damaged stone within several minutes. The stone «SCANROC» has some textures of a surface (smooth and rough) and wide colour scale. Appearance of a natural stone with bricklaying imitation. The stone has an assembly seam in width of 10 mm and a cross-section assembly seam with a facet. The frame window and doorways can have various performance. Alternatively to stones «SCANROC» flat or shaped elements of a frame from the zinced metal with a polymeric covering of various colouring or specially produced decorative details of a frame from various materials are applied. Possibility of performance of architectural details system "SCANROC" and full compatibility with other front materials. 1. Internal warming

• "Dew-point" - area of transition of water from a gaseous condition in liquid, in which t? 10,6 oC, there is indoors in a heater where there is a moisture accumulation, and as consequence an increase in heat conductivity of a protecting design and "dew-point" displacement in inside premises. On this problematics calculations on an example of the following technology - 400 mm of foam concrete and a laying in a brick floor have been carried out. Calculations have shown, that in 7 years probably full frost penetration walls.
• “cold Bridges” - overlappings leave outside. By calculations of experts on the verge of overlapping indoors approximate t = 6-8oC in a settlement five-day week.
• the Protecting design is in area of influence of an environment, that considerably reduces its durability.
• the Big thickness protecting designs - floor space reduction, increase in the expense of materials that does economically by less expedient application of such method.

2. &“The well laying” on overlapping has the same lacks, as internal warming, only "dew-point" originally is more close to an external part of a protecting design, that partially reduces lacks of such warming.
3. “A well laying” with continuous external warming with closing of a heater by a laying in a brick floor.

• Complexity of coordination of a bricklaying with the basic protecting design. It is necessary to use reinforcing by a metal grid or a considerable quantity an anchor of fastening of the big section, that or it is expensive (ceramic an anchor) or will be “cold bridges” (metal an anchor).
• Complexity of creation of the ventilated channel that is to put a solution it is necessary so not to block the ventilated channel and not to cement a heater.

4. The Easy/heavy wet method

• Technologically more complex installation. It is necessary to use woods and accurately to maintain technology. Cost of installation of such systems approximately in 1,5-2 times is more expensive, than systems "SCANROC", but thus the complete set of materials, under condition of high quality, costs more cheaply, that allows to leave on the same cost "on a turn-key basis".
• At reconstruction there is a necessity for works on preparation of walls (alignment, clearing, drying).
• Dependence on weather conditions: t from 5oC to 25oC; relative humidity no more than 80 %; protection against direct solar beams and a strong wind is necessary.
• Rigid requirements to system components: chemical compatibility; increase in elasticity and water vapour permeability each subsequent layer from a premise; increase water vapour permeability each subsequent layer from lateral aspect.
• РDestruction of a plaster layer owing to shrinkage, freezing of a moisture and more.
• In the European practice for economic feasibility calculation accept life cycle of systems of an easy wet method in limits 20th years, but application practice shows, that problems appear in 4-8 years of operation.
• Low maintainability of wet methods - repair is made by full replacement.

5. Other hinged ventilated facades:
- Complexity in work with large is decorative-facing elements, a considerable quantity of a waste that lays down for the total cost;
- Necessity of completion
- paintings after installation;
- External fastening - because of temperature expansion of is decorative-facing elements happens destruction of a protective layer or panels or their fastening that reduces service life of these systems and as it not attractive appearance;
- Insufficient elasticity bearing system of fastening that owing to shrinkage and building movements leads to destruction of is decorative-facing elements.

The review of methods of warming of external protecting designs.
We represent to your attention of model of warming of external walls existing methods. For today their variety suggests, that this problem costs very actually and demands the immediate decision. At present there are three basic directions:
1. Internal warming (Warming by cellular concrete)
2. Multilayered designs of walls.
3. External warming
Now we will consider each direction in details:
1. Warming by cellular concrete. Internal warming of external walls involves all with the relative cheapness: the choice thermal protection materials enough big, rather low expenses of work and materials, is not present strict necessity to correspond to criteria of reliability, the necessary factor of resistance of a heat transfer of a design is reached, and for furnish any sheet material or wall-paper will approach.
But there is also other side of a medal. Internal warming has a number enough serious lacks:
I. The System of internal warming cannot provide a normal mode of an exchange of heat and moisture construction. After all normal it is possible to name this process only in that case when in a design there is no accumulation of a moisture in operation (especially during the cold period which duration for Kiev is equal about 180 days.). But in the course of ability to live of people (washing, damp cleaning of a premise) arises a vaporous moisture (about 14 l/days) which gets to an external design thanking thermotechnics to properties of materials under the influence of forces warmly - and mass transfer. Factor vapour permeability: 1 ceramic brick 110*10-3 mg/m*h*Pa; 1 foam concrete 230,6*10-3 mg/m*h*Pa; 2 miniral cotton wool 480*10-3 mg/m*h*Pa; 2 expanded polystyrene 15-30*10-3 mg/m*h*Pa
Heat conductivity factor: 1 ceramic brick 0,7 W/moС; 1 foam concrete (density =300kg/m3) 0,11 W/moС; 2 miniral cotton wool 0,038-0,041 W/moС; 2 expanded polystyrene 0,034-0,04 W/moС It leads to that there is a moisture condensation in thickness of a heater, for the reason: factor vapour permeability external walls more low, than heaters (except for expanded polystyrene); difference of temperatures in a thickness of the insulation layer heat conductivity of a heater increases, and process is still accelerated. Finally it leads to decrease resistance of a heat transfer a design, occurrence of a fungus, a mould, increase of humidity of air indoors and infringement of ecological indicators on which comfort of residing is estimated.
II. Inhabitants of apartments will be compelled to carry additional material (power) expenses in attempts to dry a premise.
III. The Variant of internal warming is not capable to solve a problem of loss of heat through "cold bridges" that is also very important question.
VI. Application of internal warming suffers unpleasant enough economic loss to the organisations which build a residential building for the purpose of habitation sale. So to provide resistance of a heat transfer of system equal Ro MUH =2,2 m2*oС/W the wall from foam concrete плотностью=300 kg/m3 in the thickness 300mm or a wall from foam concrete плотностью=400 kg/m3 in the thickness 400mm is necessary. In practice of the domestic manufacturer technology infringement is often observed, and foam concrete has actual density above specified (to 600 kg/m3) with much bigger heat conductivity factor. Even, proceeding from today's practice (a thickness of a wall from пенобетона=400mm) we can see losses on the area which with it are connected and accordingly to count financial losses of the building organisations.
2. Multilayered external walls.
For today exists two kinds of multilayered external walls with which help try to reach, the factor of resistance is necessary for a heat transfer. The first is walls of buildings of a bricklaying and the second are three-layer external panels for the walls, produced on factories of ferro-concrete designs. We will consider every way separately:
Walls of buildings of a bricklaying.
Properties of walls to isolate warmly are defined by a layer of a heater, requirements to which basically is caused it thermal insulations by characteristics. Strong properties of a heater, its stability to atmospheric influences of such type of designs do not play defining role. Therefore as a heater plates PSB-S density 40 kg/m3, floor-mats from mineral cotton wool can be used. At designing of walls of a design it is necessary to count necessarily the resulted resistance to a heat transfer considering influence of continuous brick crosspieces on an integrated stream through walls.
But it is necessary to underline, that the given system not only does not solve all questions which were considered in section "Internal warming", but also creates the systems connected with technological features.
1. During the warm period of time the given system works very adequately and special questions while in service do not arise. But during the winter period there are the questions connected with a conclusion of a moisture from a heater, which collects in the course of ability to live of people (washing, damp cleaning of a premise) there is a vaporous moisture (about 14 l/days) Which gets to an external design thanking thermotechnics to properties of materials under the influence of forces warmly - and mass transfer. It leads to that there is a moisture condensation in thickness of a heater, for the reason: difference of temperatures in a thickness of the insulation layer, and factor vapour permeability external walls more low, than heaters (except for expanded polystyrene). 2. It is necessary to carry To the next lack, that in thermal insulation the relation the external layer in one brick at all does not work that cannot essentially solve a problem of "cold bridges". Also there is a potential probability of hit of a moisture (deposits) in a heat-insulation layer. 3. Process of a laying by a well method very labour-consuming and demanding high qualification of masons and observance of high technological discipline that is not always observed on building sites. Packing process thermal insulation layer also carries behind itself technological difficulties, especially its fixing. All it leads to increase in terms of erection and to rise in price of erection of buildings. 4. Bricklaying application, as well as internal warming, causes an unpleasant economic loss to the organisations which build a residential building for the purpose of habitation sale.
Three-layer panels for walls.
One of the latest domestic workings out on warming of external walls was the system of three-layer panels for walls which are made by industrial way at factories ZHBK. Was considered, that application of three-layer external panels for walls will solve a problem of savings of heat of buildings, will provide comfortable residing of people, will give the second youth to large-panel housing construction, will give aesthetic expressiveness to new houses. But actually we observe not such an iridescent picture. Household steams, passing through the first part of a design, under the influence of forces warmly - and mass transfer, meet cold areas of a design (during the cold period), that in a heat-insulation layer (expanded polystyrene) or on a boundary concrete-expanded polystyrene, depending on duration of the cold period inevitably leads to moisture condensation. It leads to saturation of this site by a moisture, increase heat conductivity factor, to deterioration thermotechnics system indicators, in summary loss thermal insulation properties, formation of a mould, fungi and other troubles.
Also it is necessary to remember about technological features of a design, namely, assembly loops. On technologies, assembly loops fill up expanded-clay concrete gravel, the heat conductivity factor is equal 0,65 W/moС, i.e. R=0.35/0.65=0.54m2*oC/W, it is essential less than standard value, ROMUH-2,2m2*oC/W, therefore there is a probability freezing these sites of a wall. Also there is a potential probability of hit of a moisture (deposits) in joints between panels and further become wet an internal part of a wall, and freezing joints, that also does not add comfort to tenants.
System of three-layer panels for walls, however, as well as all considered earlier, do not solve problems standard "cold bridges", owing to the technological features increased by the human factor, parts of a wall round light apertures also are cold bridges that is not the positive factor for all system as a whole. As to an aesthetic kind of houses which are in operation all of us can see them not attractiveness (cracks on an external part of a design, a rust on panels because of an insufficient thickness of a protective layer or lacks in the course of wall manufacture).
Summing up the aforesaid, we will notice, that all systems have the big lacks that will negatively be displayed on residing at the given premises. At the moment there are attempts to save external protecting designs from receipt of a moisture from internal premises. Thus it is offered to instal vapour barrier. It would seem, dare almost all thermotechnics questions which arise in system, but on the other hand there are other problems. First for a normal mode of an exchange of a moisture it is necessary to instal compulsory ventilation of premises that carries behind itself the big financial expenses at its installation and the further service. Secondly, at ventilation there is a considerable loss of heat, that "reduces on a zero" warming of premises. And also it is not necessary to forget about financial expenses for materials and work, besides, because of technological features it is very complex to instal vapour barrier on walls with light apertures (round them).
Considering experience and lacks of systems of internal warming, and also systems of multilayered walls, projectors have offered systems of external warming. One of variants of external warming is the multilayered system with the ventilated channel.
Multilayered system with the ventilated channel
Unequivocally, that this design the big step forward in domestic workings out of the warmed protecting designs, in comparison with the previous systems. Many experts rest upon it the big hopes in the decision of a question of the warmed protecting designs. Completely, apparently, the question thermotechnics processes in designs is solved, the question of "cold bridges" which for last systems was "stumbling-block" is solved. The question of aesthetic appeal and architectural expressiveness of a facade of a building is solved, and also the useful area of premises is not engaged and accordingly there are no financial expenses connected with it. But it only one side of a medal, and exists also a back much less attractive. If to consider in more details we will see a number of negative properties (factors) which are carried in itself by system.
1. Increase in width of the base at a thickness of a heater + the ventilated channel + a protecting design (an obverse brick and shaped products). It will inevitably cause additional financial expenses for excavations, base works, on additional materials (concrete, a timbering) especially cautiously it is necessary to approach to use of the given system at reconstruction of already existing buildings since connection of already existing base with the new carries behind itself certain technical complexity. And also careful calculation is necessary for each separate house concerning their "teamwork". After all shrinkable processes in the new base will be inevitable, and, hence, it will lead to infringement of integrity of system, distortion of an obverse part of a design and not effective work as a whole.
2. Originally in the project it is put in pawn, that a thickness of a brick wall =350mm, a heater (porous concrete) in the thickness =100mm, an air layer a thickness =40mm, a protecting design in the thickness =120mm. A lack of such decision is that in thermal insulation the relation the external layer in a half-brick at all does not work: cold external air directly washes a heater from foam concrete that causes presentations of high requirements to its frost resistance. Considering that for such systems it is necessary to use foam concrete in density of 400 kg/m3, and in domestic production practice technology infringement is often observed, and foam concrete has actual density above specified (to 600 kg/m3) with much bigger heat conductivity factor. But if to calculate resistance of a heat transfer of a design taking into account that density of foam concrete of 300 kg/m3 about factor of heat conductivity 0,11 W/moС it is received: R1 (Walls) =0.35/0.7=0.5 m2*oС/W R2 (heater) =0.1/0.11=0.91 m2*oС/W Rk = R1 + R2=0.5 +0.91 = 1.41 m2*oС/W R0 = RSI + Rk + RSE = O. 13 +1.41 + 0.04 = 1.58 m2*oС/W where RSI = 1/aB - resistance on the internal surface protecting designs RSE =1/aH - resistance on an external surface of a protecting design. As we see from calculation - the system does not satisfy to the requirement on resistance to a heat transfer of protecting designs.
3. Creation of the air channel, also conceals in itself "reefs" for system. So at erection of a wall a solution part it will be inevitable to get to the air channel, concreting it and to create "cold bridges". Besides the air flow in an air layer is impossible from the bottom, owing to design features, and it makes impossible active ventilation of a heater. Therefore developers have suggested to make ventilation of a layer (heater) by the device in bottom and top (inflow and air extract) an external layer of apertures a total area 150см2, falling to everyone 20 м2 walls. Apertures are carried out by the device of a vertical empty seam - without a solution - height 6,5 - 14 sm, and horizontal - every third, fourth seam. But by consideration of this offer there is some question. First, for today there are no documents confirming efficiency of such system and there are fears in insufficient air exchange and that the most important thing an external layer carry on itself function on resistance of a heat transfer. Secondly, the probability of is not excluded that in apertures the dust will collect and in a consequence it will give the chance to grow there to small plants. It will inevitably affect appearance of walls, and on its functional further work. And, at last, the most important thing: on high-rise buildings wind loadings will be so great, that deposits will inevitably get to ventilated apertures and accordingly to humidify a heater.
4. One more of lacks of this system it that system erection difficult technically, that leads to the big expenses of work and materials, low productivity and increase in terms of erection of a building
Easy wet method.
Recently in the Ukrainian building market there was one more system of external warming where as a heat-insulation layer mineral cotton wool or expanded polystyrene is used. This method still name - "an easy wet method". Easy "the warming method represents the complex of actions consisting in gluing to an external surface of a wall of a continuous layer thermal insulation of plates from expanded polystyrene or mineral cotton wool a covering of their surface by a thin layer of the gluing solution, reinforced by a grid from fiber glass. thermal insulations plates are pasted to walls by means of gluing solutions and, depending on necessity, fasten in addition plastic connecting elements. It is necessary to note following advantages of the given system:« The dew-point »is out of a wall, the question of" cold bridges "acts in film. The question of aesthetic appeal and architectural expressiveness of a facade of a building is solved, and also the useful area of premises is not engaged and accordingly there are no financial expenses connected with it.
Lacks of this system, at expanded polystyrene application, the following is:
The system possesses very low indicators on vapour permeability, that negatively affects a conclusion of "household steams» from premises and introduces discomfort during a life of inhabitants of premises, in the form of the raised humidity in premises. vapour permeabilitysystems of warming much more low, than this indicator for a bricklaying in this connection, humidifying of walls is possible, that in turn causes increase heat conductivity factor, course acceleration thermotechnics processes warmly - and mass transfer and as consequence additional losses of heat.
Let's consider the second variant which well checked up and has proved when instead of expanded polystyrene mineral floor-mats - a material vapour permeability are used much more, than a carrying wall. The thickness of warming pays off in such a manner that "dew-point" appears on an external layer of a heater. But, unfortunately, the given system, at application of both variants, does not solve a question of integrity of an external finishing layer at course of shrinkable processes of carrying walls and the base, thus the plaster layer works, as though on a cut. These processes are usually very appreciable in an initial stage of operation of a building after erection, and also under influence of dynamic loadings on soil, for example, the underground motor transport, Ry transport, natural fluctuations of soil (earthquake), natural displacement of a ground.
Integrity of an external finishing layer also is broken and during the cold period. Even at minimum vapour permeability the external finishing layer and a gluing solution is sated with a moisture. At freezing water extends, and the plaster structure collapses. Very often proving elasticity of plaster, it bend. Yes it is valid so, but this experience is successful enough at temperature above zero, and at temperature of a plaster layer below zero the given experiment is rather problematic.
The system has a number of the unpleasant technological features connected with work: it will be originally necessary to clear, level and dry up surfaces on which the warming system is rendered with the help of "an easy wet method». That also it is important, work on system installation is undesirable during the cold period of year (which duration for Kiev makes 181 days - exactly half of year).
The given system possesses very low local maintainability. Recently, with development of a direction of dry mixes, in the building market have started to appear in the big variety and external plasters (for the given system). But, unfortunately, the wide range not always defines also high quality of a product. Therefore not a rarity when civil engineering firms, trying to save on materials, buy not so qualitative and short-lived plasters. That in a complex with the basic lacks of system leads to infringement of appearance of facades of a building and finally leads to additional expenses of financial assets for maintenance of worthy appearance of a building and creation of comfortable conditions of dwelling in premises.
3.Hinged ventilated facade systems.
Attempts to warm a wall of houses have arisen for a long time already. Still peasants face outside of a wall of the dwellings straw sheaves, corn or sunflower stalks. In due course at creation is sick large houses, builders have faced a question of durability of wooden beams which were used as a basis for blockings between floors. As under the influence of a household moisture the tree decayed and became unfit for use. The decision of this problem has been found in the XX-th century beginning. It consisted in the following: the building was erected from two walls and in an external wall big enough apertures for air penetration that has considerably prolonged blocking work initially became, and warmth in the house was reached thanks to the big thickness of an internal wall. But apertures in walls did not give additional aesthetic appeal to facades. Examples of this engineering decisions we can familiarise in old buildings which have remained till present time.
But the engineering thought did not stand on a place, and many designers tried to find new decisions on creation of attractive appearance of walls and thus in addition to warm walls. In Scandinavia on external walls hung up wooden boards with their further colouring. But the durability of this system was small because of tree rotting. Therefore further wooden boards have started to hang up on a subsystem from wooden bars thanks to what the active air channel between a board and a wall was created. Supervision have shown, that such system has long term of operation. So essentially new concept of furnish of facades and their protection against external influence have been found. With development by scientific and technical progress the new materials having very low factor of heat conductivity thanks to what them have started to use as a heater have been found. A number of engineers and designers have combined new thermal insulations materials with the basic scheme of ventilated facades, but at higher industrial level.
One of bright representatives of similar systems is system "SCANROC".